LGBT: The Road to Equality

2015 David A. Garfinkel Essay Scholarship

The 2015 David A. Garfinkel Essay Scholarship topic of LGBT: The Road to Equality can act in the classroom as a prepared Document Based Question. It was prepared in 2014 and the resources have not been updated since that time. For more information about recent legal developments, consult national and state newspapers, legal databases, and your librarian.

The New York courts and State Legislature have frequently been at the center of the debate over the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals. In this role they have taken many actions to consider the rights of this community, in particular in the areas of: Family, Employment and Criminal Law. How the courts and legislature have addressed these rights and what the impact of these actions have been?

This activity meets the following guidelines of New York State’s Common Core Social Studies Framework (2017):

  • Social and Economic Change/Domestic Issues: 11.10b
  • Civil Rights and Civil Liberties: 12.G2d
Below is a list of the 2015 resources in a searchable table. Search by theme of resource: criminal law, educational law, employment law, or family law.

People v. Uplinger

58 N.Y.2d 936 (1983) The New York Court of Appeals held unconstitutional the criminal prohibition on loitering "in a public ...
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People v. Rice

41 N.Y.2d 1018 (1977) Though the issue was non-reviewable, attorney E. Carrington Boggan raised "novel and difficult constitutional questions ...
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Lawrence v. Texas

539 U.S. 558 (2003) The U.S. Supreme Court overturned its 1986's Bowers v. Hardwick decision and ruled that "[t]he state ...
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People v. Onofre

51 N.Y.2d 476 (1980) The Court of Appeals struck down New York's consensual sodomy statute as unconstitutional. Read More ...
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Matter of Doe v. Rosa

159 Misc.2d 694 (1993) Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Levin v. Yeshiva University

96 N.Y.2d 484 (2001) The Court of Appeals held that same-sex couples may not be excluded from married student housing ...
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Marriage Equality Act (2011)

A08354 - New York State Assembly Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Hernandez v. Robles

7 N.Y.3d 338 (2006) The Court of Appeals held that the New York Constitution did not "compel recognition of marriages ...
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Matter of Jacob

86 N.Y.2d 651 (1995) The Court of Appeals held that the same-sex partner of a legal parent may adopt that ...
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Braschi v. Stahl Assocs. Co.

74 N.Y.2d 201 (N.Y. 1989) The Court of Appeals construed the term "family" to include same-sex life partners for purposes ...
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Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2013

S.815 -- 113th Congress Summary coming soon!  Read More ...
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Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act (2003)

New York State Office of the Attorney General Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Matter of Kimball

33 NY2d 586 (1973) Harris L. Kimball passed the New York State Bar exam, and the Committee on Character and ...
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LGBTQ Family Law: A Comprehensive Overview of Relevant LGBTQ Family Law Cases

New York City Bar Association Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Know Your Rights: Frequently Asked Questions About New York’s Marriage Equality Act

American Civil Liberties Union of New York Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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When Same-Sex Marriages End

The New York Times Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Civil Rights for Transgender People

The New York Times Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Couple Sues a Vermont Inn for Rejecting Gay Wedding

The New York Times Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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At the Cutting Edge of Gay Family Law

The New York Times Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Gay Rights Groups Withdraw Support of ENDA After Hobby Lobby Decision

The Washington Post Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Does the Hobby Lobby Decision Threaten Gay Rights?

Newsweek Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Know Your Rights: A Guide to NYC Employment Laws for LGBT Workers

New York City Bar Association Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Evidence of Persistent and Pervasive Workplace Discrimination Against LGBT People

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Police Harassment of Homosexual Women and Men in New York City 1860-1980

Columbia Human Rights Review Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and HIV-Affected Hate Violence in 2012

National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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New York’s Hate Crimes Law: An Assessment

NYS Senate Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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NCAA Inclusion of Transgender Student-Athletes

NCAA Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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Youth & Schools

Lambda Legal Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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The New York State Dignity for All Students Act

New York State Education Department Summary coming soon! Read More ...
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