September 11, 2001: A Tribute

To commemorate the 25th anniversary of the attacks on September 11, 2001, the Society republishes below the brief tribute that our founder Chief Judge Judith S. Kaye wrote for New York Reports (96 NY2d vii). Judge Kaye reflects on the bravery and resilience of New Yorkers, a spirit that can never be broken. 

Traditionally, prefaces to the New York Reports have been limited to the departure of Colleagues and to historic events like the Court’s 150th anniversary. Carrying forth this tradition, the Judges of the Court of Appeals have determined that this volume of the New York Reports should open with a note on the tragic events of September 11, 2001, which have touched us profoundly in every imaginable way.

We begin with our personal loss as a court family. When terror erupted at the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan that unforgettable morning, heroic rescuers — including police, firefighters and court officers — rushed to the scene to assist in the evacuation and save lives. Of the dozens of valiant court officers who raced to what became known as Ground Zero, three brave colleagues did not return: Captain William Harry Thompson, Senior Court Officer Thomas Jurgens and Senior Court Officer Mitchel Wallace. As we express unending debt to all of the rescuers, we join the families of Harry, Tommy and Mitch in mourning the loss of three exceptional individuals we will carry in our hearts always.

As we learned in the ensuing days, close to 60 members of our court family lost loved ones — spouses, children, siblings, cousins, close family and friends — firefighters, police officers, World Trade Center employees, investment bankers, lawyers. One Court Clerk in Queens County lost two firefighter sons. This isn’t the way it was supposed to be for any of these good, kind, decent people, or for us.

Remarkable even as I write this, months after September 11, is the spirit that immediately overtook us — as a nation, as the State and City of New York, and as a court system. Red-eyed and somber, our Judges and court personnel in lower Manhattan nonetheless returned to the courthouses at the first opportunity, resolved not to capitulate to the forces of terrorism but to open our Houses of Justice even as the smoke and smell of 9-11 lingered in the air. Jurors, too, came in droves, determined to show the world the high value New Yorkers place on our justice system.

For several reasons my Colleagues wished to have this tribute open the New York Reports. First, of course, we join our fellow New Yorkers and citizens around the world in expressing sympathy to the families and friends of all of the victims of September 11, 2001. Second, we pay tribute to the heroes of our own family — those who lost their lives, those who risked their lives, and those who persevere every single day in our courthouses to render justice to their fellow citizens.

Finally, the ensuing pages of this volume are, in a sense, a portrait of New York life. True, they generally deal with the sadder side of New York life. What brings people to court, after all, are problems: crimes, personal injuries and property losses, breached agreements, failed families, the government’s broken promises. In human life, always there are disputes, always there is wrongdoing. But what is significant — exemplified by this volume — is that in New York, as in America, these problems are brought to and resolved by courts applying the rule of law fairly and impartially. Indeed, our society is built on the perception — and the fact — that our daily conduct is governed by the rule of law, applied fairly and impartially. Overwhelmingly, as a society we respect it, and we abide by it.

September 11 marked a savage attack on our people, our institutions and our values. By this tribute we honor our heroes, as well as the values for which they gave so selflessly.

Celebrating America 250: New York’s Role in the New Republic — The Great Fire of 1776

In our continuing series in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Historical Society of the New York Courts is highlighting New York’s role in the creation of our nation and its legacy through its annual calendar. In September, we are spotlighting the Great Fire of 1776.

 

September: The Great Fire of 1776

On September 15, 1776, the British landed on Kip’s Bay and pushed the Continental Army north to Harlem Heights. Five days later, on September 20th, a mysterious fire burned through the night and into the next day, destroying up to 25 percent of New York City, including the original Trinity Church. Both the British and Americans blamed each other. George Washington denied knowledge of the cause, and no one was charged. The Great Fire of 1776 contributed to the displacement and loss experienced in New York City under British occupation.

Image Captions

Image of New York’s Great Fire of 1776, “Representation du Feu terrible a Nouvelle Yorck,” engraving by Amos F. Eno, 1776. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library.

The British landing at Kip’s Bay, New York Island, 15 September 1776 by Robert Cleveley, 1777. Image in public domain in the United States, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

Catch up on prior months here!

Celebrating America 250: New York’s Role in the New Republic — Division, Defeat, and Retreat

In our continuing series in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Historical Society of the New York Courts is highlighting New York’s role in the creation of our nation and its legacy through its annual calendar. In August, we are spotlighting major American Revolution battles in New York.

 

August: Division, Defeat, and Retreat

While the colonists were victorious in the American Revolution, they did suffer defeats, including in late August 1776, in the Battle of Long Island. George Washington was able to save the Continental Army by retreating to Manhattan, but he eventually lost New York City. On August 6, 1777, British troops, with Mohawks and Senecas, ambushed the Continental Army and Oneidas in Oriskany, New York. The Battle of Oriskany exemplified how the American Revolution divided the Native American Nations, and how it led to significant losses of their lives and homes.

Image Captions

Battle of Oriskany, state of New York, engraving by Charles F. Damoreau, 1857. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZC4-12376.

Washington’s retreat at Long Island, engraving by James Charles Armytage and painting by Michael Angelo Wageman, 1860. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library.

Catch up on prior months here!

Celebrating America 250: New York’s Role in the New Republic — Declaration of Independence

In our continuing series in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Historical Society of the New York Courts is highlighting New York’s role in the creation of our nation and its legacy through its annual calendar. In July, we are spotlighting Declaration of Independence.

 

July: Declaration of Independence

Adopted on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was a list of grievances and justifications for independence from Great Britain addressed to King George III and to the rest of the world. On July 9th, George Washington read the Declaration to Continental Army troops assembled in New York City. Upon hearing the Declaration, colonists rushed to pull down a large statue of King George III in Bowling Green, which was subsequently melted down for ammunition. Depictions of this event would create an iconic image of the American Revolution.

Image Captions

Pulling Down the Statue of George III at Bowling Green, July 9, 1776 by William Walcutt, 1857. Image in public domain in the United States, image (reversed) courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

Depiction of colonists pulling down the statue of King George III in New York City on July 9, 1776 by André Basset, created in Paris, France in [177-]. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-17521.

Catch up on prior months here!

Celebrating America 250: New York’s Role in the New Republic — Susan’s B. Anthony’s Trial

In our continuing series in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Historical Society of the New York Courts is highlighting New York’s role in the creation of our nation and its legacy through its annual calendar. In June, we are spotlighting Susan B. Anthony’s voting trial.

 

June: Susan B. Anthony’s Trial

In 1848, the first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York and demanded equality and women’s suffrage. Echoing the Declaration of Independence, Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s Declaration of Sentiments declared, “… that all men and women are created equal.” After meeting Stanton in 1851, Susan B. Anthony joined her fight for women’s suffrage. On June 18, 1873, Anthony was found guilty of illegally voting in the Presidential election in November 1872 in Rochester, New York. Women were not granted the right to vote in New York until 1917.

Image Captions

A political cartoon of Susan B. Anthony entitled “THE WOMAN WHO DARED,” by Thomas Wust, published in The Daily Graphic: An Illustrated Evening Newspaper, New York City, Vol 1, No. 81, June 5, 1873. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-55836.

Title page of the transcript of Susan B. Anthony’s trial, “An account of the proceedings on the trial of Susan B. Anthony on the charge of illegal voting at the Presidential election in Nov., 1872,” published by Daily Democrat and Chronicle Book Print, Rochester, New York, 1874. Library of Congress, National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, LC-97187514.

Women Fight for Vote Seneca Falls and the Start of Annual Conventions: “Ye May session of ye woman’s rights convention – ye orator of ye day denouncing ye lords of creation,” published in Harper’s Weekly, Vol. 3, No. 128, June 11, 1859. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ds-13015.

Catch up on prior months here!

Judicial Notice 19: 2025

Issue 18


Law Day 2026 Art Contest Winners

On May 1, Chief Judge Rowan D. Wilson announced the winners of the 2026 Law Day Art Contest, co-sponsored by the Society and the Office for Justice Initiatives. We congratulate the three prize winners: Nana Wada (1st JD), Spencer Sweet (3rd JD), and Jordan Merz (2nd JD) for their magnificent art that portrayed what The Rule of Law and the American Dream means to them.

2026 First Prize, “Justice for All” by Nana Wada

First Prize: “Justice for All” by Nana Wada
Artist’s description:

The “Rule of Law” means that when all people are equal, where no one is higher or lower than the other, and are free to live with freedom. So my art is to represent a justice scale, which is a symbolic representation of fairness, and how each side is at the same level, showing equality between all of the people. The Statue of Liberty shows the freedom the people have and the rights they own in the United States of America.

 

2026 Second Prize Winner, “Liberty for All” by Spencer Sweet

 

 

Second Prize: “Liberty for All” by Spencer Sweet
Artist’s description:

This work involves the theme of the rule of law and the American dream. A group of diverse children stand at the foreground, amazed by an American flag that serves an an inspiration to them. They represent a future that is equal under the law. Behind them, the U.S. capitol and Lady Justice serve as the background and foundational pieces to the American experience. The Constitution also serves as a reminder that the law stems from the consent and wishes of the people that guide our country to be the equal and free place that it should be.

 

2026 Third Prize Winner, “Reaching for the Stars” by Jordan Merz

Third Prize: “Reaching for the Stars” by Jordan Merz
Artist’s description:

I wanted to depict all American people getting the chance to reach for the stars and achieve their American dream. In our Nation I believe that everyone should get equal chances, equal opportunities, and equal treatment. With my artwork, I wanted to show a variety of Americans all getting the same chance to reach for the stars to get their American dream.

Celebrating America 250: New York’s Role in the New Republic — Tensions with the British

In our continuing series in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Historical Society of the New York Courts is highlighting New York’s role in the creation of our nation and its legacy through its annual calendar. In April, we are spotlighting growing tensions with the British.

 

May: Tensions with the British

In 1774, tensions flared between the British and the colonists, with protests led by the Sons of Liberty, yet New York would remain split between those urging independence and those urging reconciliation with Great Britain. By 1776, the support for independence had grown, and on May 29th, manual laborers issued the New York Mechanics Declaration of Independence, which cited unjust taxes and petitioned the New York Provincial Congress to support independence. New York signed the Declaration of Independence in August 1776, as the British began to capture New York City.

Image Captions

Engraving of British troops marching in New York by Jacques-François Chereau, 1777. The Protected Art Archive/Alamy.

“The Patriotick Barber of New York, or the Captain in the Suds,” attributed to Philip Dawe British, published by Robert Sayer and John Bennett British in London, England, February 14, 1775. This satirical image depicts Captain John Crozer, commander of a British ship, who has been recognized in the barbershop of Jacob Vredenburgh, a New York Son of Liberty, who refuses to finish shaving him. It is meant to demonstrate how New Yorkers refused to cooperate with British troops garrisoned in New York City in the autumn of 1774. The Metropolitan Museum of Art has provided the image (in public domain) as well as the description, which is available through the Museum’s digital collection.

Catch up on prior months here!

Celebrating America 250: New York’s Role in the New Republic — George Washington’s Inauguration

In our continuing series in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Historical Society of the New York Courts is highlighting New York’s role in the creation of our nation and its legacy through its annual calendar. In April, we are spotlighting George Washington’s inauguration.

 

April: George Washington’s Inauguration

On April 30, 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States of America at Federal Hall in New York City, the first capital of the new nation. In his inaugural address, Washington spoke to his “Fellow Citizens” of America’s “experiment” in a “Republican model of Government,” and of his “veneration and love” for his country. In 1889, New York City held a Centennial celebration and parade under a temporary arch. A permanent arch, Washington Square Arch, located in Washington Square Park, was dedicated in 1895.

Image Captions

Inauguration of Washington, 1789 by Ramón de Elorriaga, 1889. Image in public domain in the United States, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

Photograph of the Washington Inaugural Centennial Celebration in New York City, in front of the 23rd Street Arch, held on April 29th & 30th, and on May 1st, 1889. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-83837.

Catch up on prior months here!

Celebrating America 250: New York’s Role in the New Republic — The Stamp Act

In our continuing series in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the Historical Society of the New York Courts is highlighting New York’s role in the creation of our nation and its legacy through its annual calendar. In March, we are spotlighting the Stamp Act.

March: The Stamp Act

On March 22, 1765 the British Parliament passed the “Stamp Act,” a direct tax on colonists without their approval, which required colonists to pay a tax represented by a stamp on printed materials including newspapers, legal and trade documents, and playing cards. The unpopular tax led to the rallying cry “No Taxation Without Representation,” and to mass protests and vandalism in New York City. The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, but it foreshadowed what was to come and paved the way for the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

Image Captions

Woodcut print of a Stamp Act protest in New York, c. 1765. North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy.

An engraving depicting the British Parliament’s repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766 in the wake of protests by colonists. “The repeal, or the funeral procession of Miss America-Stamp,” 1766. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library.

Catch up on prior months here!

×
Product added to cart

No products in the cart.