The winter of 1643 was an extremely difficult time for the colonists of New Netherland. The Indian War continued, food was scarce, Indian attacks … More The Eight Men (1643-1647) and the Remonstrance of the Manhatas »
When Director-General Pieter Stuyvesant arrived in New Netherland in 1647, he requested the people to select eighteen representatives, from among whom he would appoint … More The Nine Men and the 1649 Remonstrance of the Commonality of New Netherland »
In 1621, the parliament of the Dutch Republic awarded a charter to the Dutch West India Company (a private joint stock corporation) granting it … More The 1621 Charter of the Dutch West India Company »
To encourage agricultural settlement in New Netherland, the Dutch West India Company issued a Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions on June 7, 1629 to … More The 1629 Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions »
Shortly after the implementation of the 1629 Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, conflict arose between the Dutch West India Company and the patroons over … More The 1638 Articles and Conditions »
Disputes between the Company and the patroons continued and, in January 1640, the Dutch parliament sought a final settlement between the Company and the … More The 1640 Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions »
This order was promulgated by the Dutch Parliament in response to the Remonstrance of New Netherland. Clause 17 of the order mandated that a … More The Provisional Order, 1650 »
Under the Articles of Surrender, the formal transfer of power was conducted with full military honors. Colonists could choose to return to Holland without … More The Articles of Surrender, 1664 »
The Treaty of Breda, concluded on July 31, 1667, between England, the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark, brought an end to the second Anglo-Dutch … More Treaty of Breda, 1667 »
