In September 1787, the constitution prepared by the Federal Conventions was submitted to the states and within days, letters opposing ratification started to appear in the New-York Journal. Written under the pseudonyms “Cato” and “Brutus,.” the letters drew a response from the supporters of the constitution who, under a collective pseudonym of “Publius,” write essays supporting and explaining the new constitution. These were printed in the Independent Journal, the New-York Packet, and the Daily Advertiser. In 1788, these 77 published letter together with several additional essays, were published as a collection in under the title the Federalist. The authors of the Federalist were later identified as Alexander Hamilton, James Madison (in New York for the Confederation Congress) and John Jay. The complete text of the Federalist is available at the Congress website.